Sprites and Animations in Unity

Game Frameworks

Lecture 05: Sprites and Animations in Unity

Edirlei Soares de Lima

<edirlei.lima@universidadeeuropeia.pt>

Unity – Sprites

•

Sprites are 2D Graphic objects (images).

–

If the project mode is set to 2D, all imported

images are automatically set as a Sprite.

The Sprite Renderer component renders the

Sprite and controls how it visually appears in

a Scene.

Unity – Sprites

•

Assets for this class:

https://assetstore.unity.com/packages/2d/environ

ments/2d-platformerassetspack-117179

–

•

Important: import only the sprites folder “2DPlatformerPack”

–

https://free-game-assets.itch.io/2d-zombie-free-

sprite

https://opengameart.org/content/seamless-2d-

graveyard-background

Replace Placeholder Sprites

•

To change a placeholder sprite, click on it in the Scene View

and then edit the Sprite property in the Sprite Renderer

component.

–

Adjust camera size:

Sprite Animations

•

To create a new animation clip, drag and

drop the animation sprites into the scene.

–

Save the animation clip.

• The sprite can be removed from the scene (the

animation will be assigned to the existing player

sprite).

–

An “Animation Clip” and an “Animation

Controller” will be created.

Sprite Animations

•

To assign the animation to the existing player sprite, add an

“Animator” component to the Game Object.

–

Select the Animation Controller previously created in the Controller

option.

•

Then, test the animation playing the game.

Animator Controller

•

An Animator Controller can arrange and maintain a set of

Animation Clips and associated Animation Transitions.

–

Even sprites that have a single Animation Clip must use an Animator

Controller.

–

The controller has references to the animation clips and manages the

various animation states and the transitions using a State Machine.

Animation State Machines

•

Actions (animations) are associated

with a state.

Each transition leads from one state

to another, and each has a set of

associated conditions.

•

When the conditions of a transition

are met, then the machine changes

state to the transition’s target state.

Each character/object is controlled

by one state machine and they have

a current state.

Animation State

•

A state represents an animation.

–

Each state contains an individual animation sequence which will play

while the character is in that state.

–

Main properties:

•

Motion: animation clip assigned to the state.

•

Speed: default speed of the animation.

Animation Transitions

•

Animation transitions allow the state machine to switch from

one animation state to another.

–

The transition defines under what conditions it should occur.

–

Main properties:

•

Has Exit Time: defines that transition that does not rely on a

parameter. Instead, it relies on the normalized time of the

state.

•

Conditions: defined by a parameter, a conditional predicate,

and parameter value.

Animation Parameters

•

Animation Parameters are variables that are defined within an

Animator Controller that can be accessed and assigned values

from scripts.

–

This is how a script can control or affect the flow of the state machine.

Animation – Scripting

•

Parameters can have their values assigned from a script using

functions in the Animator class: SetFloat, SetInteger, SetBool,

SetTrigger and ResetTrigger.

public class PlayerMovement : MonoBehaviour{

.

..

private Animator animator;

private void Start(){

.

..

animator = GetComponent<Animator>();

}

void FixedUpdate(){

float horizontalInput = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");

.

..

if (horizontalInput != 0){

animator.SetFloat("Speed", Mathf.Abs(rigidBody.velocity.x));

}

else{

animator.SetFloat("Speed", -1);

}

Animation State Machines

•

Animation state machine for the zombie character (idle and

walk):

Exercise 1

1

) Continue the implementation of the example by adding the

jump animation.

–

Create the jump state in the animation state machine.

Create the necessary transitions and parameters.

Modify the script of the player movement to play the animation.

Hints:

•

Not all sprites of the jump animation are necessary (unless you want a more

detailed animation, but then more states are necessary).

The jump animation should not be played in a loop (loop time parameter in the

animation clip).

•

Sprite Editor – Automatic Slicing

•

Sometimes, a single image contains several related sprites.

–

Unity makes it easy to extract elements from a composite image with

the Sprite Editor.

Sprite Editor – Grid Slicing

•

Sometimes, a single image contains several related sprites.

–

Unity makes it easy to extract elements from a composite image with

the Sprite Editor.

https://pixel-frog.itch.io/pixel-adventure-1

Sprite Editor – 9-Slicing

•

9-slicing is a 2D technique that allows the reuse of an image at

various sizes without needing to prepare multiple Assets.

–

It involves splitting the image into nine portions, so that when the

Sprite is resized, the Sprite maintains the same proportion.

–

This is useful when creating patterns, such as walls or floors in a 2D

environment.

Example:

•

The four corners (A, C, G and I) do not change in size.

The B and H sections stretch or tile horizontally.

The D and F sections stretch or tile vertically.

The E section stretches or tiles both horizontally and

vertically.

Sprite Editor – 9-Slicing

•

Example: https://edirlei.com/aulas/gameframeworks/grass-9-slicing.png

Exercise 2

2

) Use the Pixel Adventure pack to create a small level and an

animated character controlled by the player.

–

Pixel Adventure Pack: https://pixel-frog.itch.io/pixel-adventure-1

–

The player character must have the following animations: idle, run, jump,

and fall (use the Virtual Guy sprites).

–

Use the 9-slicing technique with the tileset included in the pack to create

the level (hint: each sprite to be sliced must be saved as an individual file).